Solar Hybrid Inverter

An inverter is a device that transforms direct current (from sources like batteries) into alternating current. In professional contexts, the term "inverter" specifically denotes a device that shifts direct current to alternating current. Conversely, a device converting AC to DC is known as a rectifier. Both inverters and rectifiers are types of converters since they alter the current's form.

Currently, the photovoltaic sector features a diverse range of inverters. These devices often have capabilities beyond just inversion; they can also rectify, and regulate voltage and frequency. Hence, the commercial use of the term "inverter" sometimes varies from its academic definition.

In the realm of photovoltaics, the main categories of inverters include PV inverters, off-grid inverters, on-grid/grid-tie inverters, and hybrid inverters.

Hybrid inverters represent a fusion of solar grid-tie inverters and off-grid inverters. They serve as a bridge, conveying solar photovoltaic energy as well as surplus energy from batteries to the grid, while also retrieving electricity from the grid during periods of insufficient renewable energy generation. In simpler terms, these inverters can function as both off-grid and grid-tied inverters, adapting to the load's needs.

Moreover, hybrid inverters incorporate advanced components for energy management and data transmission, elevating them to a highly technologically sophisticated electrical apparatus. Serving as the central hub of the entire energy storage system, hybrid inverters connect, monitor, and oversee various components such as photovoltaic solar panels, solar controllers, loads, and the grid.

The operation of a hybrid inverter is versatile and depends on the load. Typically, users can configure the hybrid inverter to prioritize energy sources from the grid, batteries, or photovoltaics. It can either charge the battery or power the load first, depending on the specific energy requirements.

Consequently, the operating modes of solar hybrid inverters can be categorized into three distinct groups based on the connected equipment.